Journal of Veterinary and Applied Sciences

Abstract
The use of certain drugs has been associated with male infertility. This article reviewed the effects of some commonly used drugs on male reproductive system and reproduction. Infertility associated with the use of drugs in males may be due to a direct toxic effect on the gonads or an influence on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis that may induce sexual dysfunction, impairment of spermatogenesis, and/or alteration in epididymal sperm maturation. The administration of steroid hormones may impair central control of spermatogenesis or epididymal sperm maturation, and thus lead to a decline in fertility. Steroid hormone usage is common in animals competing in shows, races or hunting, and as stimulants and enhancing drugs before competition. Some anti-fungal medications, including griseofulvin and ketoconazole, which exhibit steroid-like effects by suppressing pituitary gonadotropin release and assisting in the synthesis of steroid hormones has also been associated with male infertility. Some other chemotherapeutic agents such as cimetidine (antacid), amitriptyline (tricyclic anti-depressant), naproxen (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), and sulphasalazine (sulphonamide) may also impair male fertility. The widespread use of these medications in veterinary practice raises significant concerns about their potential impact on male reproductive health and warrants careful consideration by veterinarians and animal owners alike. Awareness of the adverse effects of these drugs on fertility should prompt animal healthcare providers to adopt cautious prescribing practices, considering alternative therapies whenever possible, especially in breeding animals where reproductive health is of paramount importance. To better understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of these medications on male fertility, further research is essential. Additionally, the development of novel therapeutic strategies or preventive measures to mitigate their negative impact on reproductive function should be pursued. This review draws attention to the importance of a cautious approach to the use of medications in veterinary and medical practice, to safeguard the fertility and overall health of male animals and humans.

Keywords: Drugs; Medicines; Male fertility; Spermatogenesis; Reproductive system; Reproduction.

How to cite this article:
Basiru A, Adetunji OC and Aremu A (2024). Effects of some commonly used drugs on the male
reproductive system and reproduction: A review. Journal of Veterinary and Applied Sciences, 14(1): 376
– 389.

*Correspondence: E-mail: basiru.a@unilorin.edu.ng Phone: +2347038047475