Journal of Veterinary and Applied Sciences

Abstract
This study evaluated 1,327 theriogenology cases presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, over a 12 year period (2013 – 2024). Data on case type (elective/diagnostic service versus reproductive disorder), species, sex and period of presentation were summarized using frequencies and percentages, with associations tested using Chi-square analysis. Canine cases dominated the presentations (93.7%), followed by caprine (2.7%), bovine (1.7%), and ovine (1.2%) cases. The top reasons for presentation were reproductive management services - optimal breeding time determination (41.3%) and pregnancy diagnosis (17.1%), together comprising over half of all cases. Other frequent presentations included dystocia (6.4%), transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) (4.5%), pregnancy complications (4.1%) and semen evaluation (2.7%). Elective/diagnostic services accounted for 65.8% of cases, while reproductive disorders made up 34.2%. Non-canine species were significantly more likely to present for disorders than elective services, when compared to canines. Among canines, males were significantly presented more often for disorders than females. Breeds such as Boerboel, German Shepherd and Rottweiler were presented more often with TVT, vaginal/uterine prolapse and mastitis, while small breeds like Lhasa Apso were presented more often with dystocia. In non-canines, dystocia predominated in ovine and caprine cases, whereas request for pregnancy diagnosis was highest in bovines. Disorder-related presentations rose significantly in the second half (2019–2024) versus the first half (2013–2018) of the study period. The caseload was predominantly companion-animal focused, especially canine reproductive management cases, contrasting with disorder- and livestock-dominated reports from northern Nigeria veterinary establishments, indicating a need for expanded outreach to non-canine owners in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Keywords: Retrospective study; Theriogenology cases; Animals; Reproductive disorders;
Elective/diagnostic services; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

How to cite this article:
Onoja MJ, Ajiyo IS and Oyeyemi MO (2026). Retrospective evaluation of theriogenology cases handled at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2013 and 2024. Journal of Veterinary and Applied Sciences, 16(2): 1670 – 1683.

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